Evaluación de galletas dulces enriquecidas con germen de maíz y fibra de soya / Evaluation of cookies enriched with corn germ and soy fiber

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar cuatro galletas dulces en cuyas formulaciones la harina de trigo fue parcialmente sustituida por la fracción fina de germen de maíz y/o fibra de soya. Calidad del horneado, proteína grasa, cenizas, fibra dietética, dureza, color, relación de eficiencia proteica PER y digestibilidad aparente in vivo DA fueron las variable evaluadas. Un panel entrenado evaluó el color, la dureza y la fracturabilidad de las galletas. La aceptación de las cuatro galletas fue determinada en un grupo de consumidores habituales de galletas dulces. La fibra dietética de las galletas varió entre 8,2 y 24,9 por ciento, la proteína entre 11,3 y 12,7 por ciento. La fuente y la cantidad de fibra afectaron las propiedades físicas, sensoriales y nutritivas de las galletas. Al incrementar la fibra, las galletas fueron más oscuras, menos amarillas y menos duras. Las galletas con el mayor valor de PER, DA, mejor textura y mayor aceptabilidad fueron aquellas formuladas con 20 por ciento de la harina fraccionada del germen de maíz. Este estudio demostró la factibilidad de usar el germen desgrasado de maíz y la fibra de soya como ingredientes funcionales

[Evaluation of cookies enriched with corn germ and soy fiber]. / Evaluación de galletas dulces enriquecidas con germen de maíz y fibra de soya.

The objective of this study was to evaluate four cookie formulations which wheat flour was partially substituted by free-fat corn germ flour and/or soy fiber. Baking quality, protein, fat, ash, dietary fiber, hardness, color, Protein Efficiency Ratio PER and Apparent Digestibility in vivo were determined. A trained panel evaluated color, hardness and fracturability of cookies. Dietary fiber of cookies varied from 8.2 to 24.9% and protein from 11.3 to 12.7%. The source and amount of dietary fiber modified physical, sensory, and nutritional properties of cookies. Cookies formulated with 20% corn germ flour gave the highest PER, Digestibility Aparente in vivo, and acceptance by consumers. This study demonstrated the potential use of free-fat corn germ and soy fiber as functional ingredients.

[Quality of pastas supplemented with rice bran]. / Calidad de pastas suplementadas con salvado de arroz.

The objective of this research was to investigate the potential of using rice bran as an ingredient in pastas spaghetti type. Two of the pastas were made with semolina from durum as raw material, supplemented with 10 and 20% rice bran. The other two were made with granular flour and the same percentage of rice bran. Proximate composition of raw material was analyzed. Pastas were elaborated in a local industry. Composition, proximal, color, texture, and sensorial quality of pastas were determined. Protein content (13.9-15.0%), ash (1.47-3.09%) and dietary fiber (6.71-8.45%) of pastas increased according to the percentage of rice bran added. The hardest pastas were those elaborated with semolina from durum wheat and with a 10% of substitution. Also, they were the most yellow. The sensory panel found differences in quality among the pastas evaluated. Pastas with 10% rice bran had the best quality. The results demonstrated that is possible to elaborate pastas with 20% as maximum of rice bran resulting products with high protein, ash and dietetic fiber content, but some undesirable characteristics were given by the rice bran as white spots, wrinkles and color changes.

[Cooking quality of pastas supplemented with rice bran]. / Calidad de cocción de pastas largas suplementadas con salvado de arroz.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality during and after cooking of four pastas spaghetti type. Rice bran was used as ingredient in order to increase protein and dietetic fiber content. In two of the four formulation, semolina durum was supplemented with 10 and 20% rice bran. In the other two formulation granular flour was supplemented with 10 and 20% rice bran. Time cooking, water absorbtion, solid loss, color and hardness, (instrumental and sensory), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Apparent Digestibility in vivo were determined. Acceptability was evaluated by a 35-member consumer panel. Rice bran improved solid loss during cooking and increased cooking time, PERs were not affected significantly but Apparent Digestibility decreased when rice bran was increased. Sensory quality was affected because rice bran made pastas hard and dark but they were comparable to high fiber pasta existing in market.

Calidad de pastas suplementadas con salvado de arroz / Quality of supplemented with rice bran

En esta investigación se planteó como objetivo investigar el uso potencial del salvado de arroz (SA) en la elaboración de pastas largas tipo espagueti, dos de ellas fueron elaboradas con semolina de trigo durum (SD) suplementada con 10 y 20 por ciento SA previamente estabilizado y desgrasado; las otras dos pastas fueron elaboradas con harina granular (HG) igualmente suplementada 10 y 20 por ciento de SA. Se evaluó la composición proximal de las materias primas empleadas, se prepararon las mezclas en las proporciones establecidas y se elaboraron las pastas en un pastificio local. se les determinó su composición proximal, color, textura y calidad sensorial. Los contenidos de proteínas (13,2-15,0 por ciento), cenizas (1,47-3,09 por ciento) y fibra dietética (6,71-8,4 por ciento) de las pastas obtenidas variaron en relación directa al porcentaje de suplementación. Las pastas más duras y amarillas fueron las elaboradas con SD y 10 por ciento de SA. Las de mejor calidad sensorial fueron las de 10 por ciento SA para ambos tipos de sémolas. Se logró demostrar que se elaboraron pastas hasta con un 20 por ciento de suplementación con SA resultando productos con un mayor contenido de proteínas, cenizas y fibra dietética. Las pastas resultaron más resistentes a la fractura y con algunas características indeseables que le confiere el salvado de arroz tales como: puntos blancos regosidades y cambios de color

Calidad de cocción de pastas largas suplementadas con salvado de arroz / Cooking quality of pastas supplemented with rice bran

En este trabajo se evaluó la calidad durante y después de la cocción de pastas largas espagueti, dos de ellas fueron elaboradas con harina granular (HG) con los mismos porcentajes de suplementación con SA. A las pastas se les determinó tiempo de cocción, absorción de agua, pérdida de sólido solubles, color y dureza (instrumental y sensorial), calidad proteica (PER), Disgestibilidad Aparente in vivo y la aceptabilidad con un panel no entrenado de 35 personas. La suplementación con SA mejoró las pérdidas de sólidos en el agua de cocción, aumentó los tiempos de cocción, no afectó significativamente la calidad de la proteína, pero las pastas resultaron más oscuras y más duras, especialmente las elaboradas con SD y SA. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que si es posible sustituir el trigo por SA en elaboración de las pastas sin que se afecten notablemente los parámetros de cocción y con una calidad organoléptica aceptable y comparable a la de las pastas integrales comerciales

[Soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fiber in cereals, products derived from their processing and cereal-based commercial products]. / Fibra dietética soluble, insoluble y total en cereales, productos derivados de su procesamiento y en productos comerciales a base de cereales.

In the following study, dietary fiber, insoluble (IDF), soluble (SDF) and total (TDF) were determined in cereals and by-products and in commercial cereals products which are found in the national market and promoted as a source of fiber. The Prosky's enzimatic-gravimetric method was used. Results were expressed as g/100g wet basis. Total dietary fiber in cereals and by-products showed a range from 1.18% (poshed rice) to 89.10% (corn bran). For the commercial cereal products, the TDF values varied from 3.73% (rice-sesame cookies) to 34.96% (Breakfast cereal named All Bran). The FDI values always were greater than the SDF values. Based on this fact, FDI values were compared with NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) values reported in the scientific literature and in the Venezuelan Food Composition Tables using a regression analysis. FDI values were always greater than NDF values and the correlation factor (r) was high and statistical significance to P < 0.05 for both food groups in study.

Development and characterization of rice bran cookies.

Four cookie formulas (A, B, C and D) were prepared by combining stabilized rice bran with flour of other locally produced cereals. A Hedonic Scale from 1 to 7 was used to test acceptability; and Proximate Composition, Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Chemical Score (C.S.) and NDpCal% were determined. Sensory evaluation of the products did not detect a significant preference (p = 0.05) for any of the tested cookies. The formula A (30% rice bran), with the highest average score in flavor (6.2) and the highest PER (0.9) was selected for a consumer test among children ages 4 to 7, resulting in an acceptability of 100%.

Development and characterization of rice bran cookies

Four cookie formulas (A, B, C and D) were prepared by combining stabilized rice bran with flour of other locally produced cereals. A Hedonic Scale from 1 to 7 was used to test acceptability; and Proximate Composition, Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Chemical Score (C.S>) and NDpCal% were determined. Sensory evaluation of the products did not detect a significant preference (p = 0.05) for any of the tested cookies. The formula A (30% rice bram), with the highest average score in flavor (6.2) and the highest PER (0.9) was selected for a consumer test among children ages 4 to 7, resulting in an acceptability of 100%

[Obtaining protein fractions from commercial sesame cakes (Sesamum indicum)]. / Obtenção de frações protéicas a partir de tortas comerciais de gergelim (Sesamum indicum).

Sesame press cake represents an important potential protein source for human consumption. Some of the limiting factors are its high crude fiber content, oxalic acid content, and its bitter taste. By fractionation of solvent-extracted sesame meal, several preparations were obtained which were analyzed for their nutrient content, protein utilization and digestibility. PER values were low, and supplementation with lysine, skim-milk powder, soymeal or fish meal, improved the PER values considerably. Based on these findings, formulas for use as a protein supplement for children are presented.

Obtencao de fracoes proteicas a partir de tortas comerciais de gergelim (Sesamum indicum). / Obtention of protein fractions from commercial cakes of sesame (Sesamum indicum)

As farinhas de gergelim obtidas comercialmente como subproduto da extracao do oleo representam um potencial muito grande como fonte de proteina para consumo humano.Neste trabalho, estudaram-se os fatores que tem limitado seu uso na alimentacao humana e apresentam-se as bases que permitam utiliza-las em forma pratica. Sao apresentados resultados para o conteudo de fibra, proteina, vitaminas, minerais, acido oxalico, aminoacidos e tambem do valor nutritivo pela eficiencia proteica e digestibilidade em ratos. Nossos resultados demonstraram que se pode obter uma reducao significativa no conteudo de fibra e acido oxalico e aumento de proteinas, mediante moagem e peneiragem, por descascado ou por obtencao de concentrados. Evidenciouse uma eficiencia proteica baixa (aproximadamente 1), pelo que se recomenda a suplementacao das farinhas com lisina ou com uma boa fonte deste aminoacido, especialmente com proteinas de leite em po desnatado, proteinas de soja ou farinha de peixe. Nestas duas ultimas, os resultados foram muito bons (2.5 e 2.7) quando cada fonte fornece 50% das proteinas. Sao apresentados algumas formulacoes contendo 20 a 40% de farinha com uma concentracao final de proteina entre 16 e 24% e que deram como PER valores de 2.2 e 2.8